Higher M protein levels in the blood are a key defining feature of multiple myeloma, negatively impacting one’s bones, organs, and blood cell production. In India, it makes up 1.23% of the cancer population.
What is multiple myeloma?
In multiple myeloma, known as Kahler’s disease, plasma cells undergo mutations and become cancerous. As a result, they multiply uncontrollably and rapidly, outnumbering the healthy plasma cells vital for immune function. These malignant cells release an abnormal antibody known as the M protein.
Multiple myeloma also causes punched-out lesions in the bones, leaving them brittle and painful. While researchers have not identified the exact cause of multiple myeloma yet, several potential explanations have been proposed.
Certain genetic abnormalities that occur with age may lead to multiple myeloma. Exposure to certain chemicals, fertilisers, or radiation could lead to the development of multiple myeloma. Living with an inflammatory disease or other plasma cell disorders may lead to this condition.
Types of myeloma
There are different types of myeloma, such as solitary plasmacytoma, Smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM), Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and multiple myeloma. Early on, it is difficult to diagnose myeloma due to its mild symptoms. Bone pain is often the most noticeable. Other symptoms are weakness or numbness in your arms and legs, excessive fatigue and exhaustion, nausea, weight loss, reduced appetite, excessive thirst, recurring fever, serious bleeding with minor injuries, and drowsiness.
What is bone cancer?
Bone cancer arises from the uncontrolled growth of cells within the bone. Cancer developing directly in the bone is termed primary bone cancer. Conversely, when cancer originates elsewhere in the body and metastasises to the bones, it is referred to as secondary bone cancer, which is far more common than primary bone cancer.
The most frequent types of cancers that spread to the bones include those of the breast, prostate, and lung. Primary bone cancers make up about 0.2% of all cancers. The types include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma.
Symptoms of bone cancer
In some instances, bone cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms, making it tough to detect until it is identified during a medical examination for unrelated issues. Symptoms of bone cancer can be of different types depending on the type and location of the tumour, but they often include:
- Bone pain that disrupts your sleep
- Painful swelling or lump around the bone
- Persistent fever or fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Brittle bones that fracture easily
Bone cancer pain can be distinguished from pain caused by injuries or overuse as it tends to be constant, worsens over time, and often becomes more severe at night. Swelling near the affected area may also occur, along with tenderness.
Conclusion
Multiple myeloma cannot be cured completely. Various treatments aim to alleviate symptoms, slow disease progression, and prevent associated complications. Ensure adequate sleep and follow exercise routines as advised by your doctor. Take protective measures to guard against infections. Prioritise both mental and physical well-being by seeking appropriate support.
