ACL surgery is a procedure that aims to repair or reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), one of the four main ligaments that stabilize the knee joint. The ACL can be torn or damaged by trauma, such as sports injuries or falls. ACL injuries can cause pain, swelling, instability, and reduced range of motion in the knee.

There are different types of ACL surgery, depending on the severity of the injury, the age and activity level of the patient, and the preference of the surgeon. The most common types are:

Arthroscopic surgery: This is a minimally invasive technique that uses small incisions, a camera, and special instruments to remove the damaged ACL and replace it with a graft. The graft can be taken from the patient’s own body (autograft) or a deceased donor (allograft). The graft is then secured to the bones of the knee with screws or other devices.

Open surgery: This is a more invasive technique that uses a larger incision to access the knee joint and perform the same steps as arthroscopic surgery.

Single-bundle reconstruction: This is the traditional technique that uses one graft to replace the ACL in its original position.

Double-bundle reconstruction: This is a newer technique that uses two smaller grafts to replace the two bundles of fibers that make up the ACL. This may provide better stability and function of the knee.
The recovery from ACL surgery varies depending on the type of surgery, the type of graft, and the individual patient. In general, the recovery involves:

Resting the knee and using ice, compression, and elevation to reduce swelling and pain.
Taking painkillers and antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor.

She was wearing a brace and using crutches to protect the knee and limit weight-bearing.
Starting physical therapy as soon as possible to restore the strength, flexibility, and mobility of the knee.

Gradually resume normal activities and sports, following the doctor’s and therapist’s instructions.
The benefits of ACL surgery include:

Restoring the stability and function of the knee.
Preventing further damage to the knee cartilage and other structures.
Reducing the risk of developing osteoarthritis in the knee.
Improving the quality of life and satisfaction of the patient.
The risks and complications of ACL surgery include:

Infection, bleeding, and nerve damage at the site of surgery.
Graft failure, loosening, or rejection.
Stiffness, pain, or reduced range of motion in the knee.
Re-injury of the ACL or other ligaments in the knee.
Development of osteoarthritis in the knee.
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