1. Antibacterial and antiviral chemical effects
Baicalin has a wide antibacterial spectrum, especially a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Chemical Baicalin exerts its antibacterial function by affecting bacterial membrane permeability, inhibiting protein synthesis, and affecting the activities of SDH, MDH, and DNA topoisomerase I and II. Research has shown that the IC50 of baicalin's inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli is approximately 0.29mmol/L, and the mechanism of action may be the inhibition of ATP synthase. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of baicalin against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans were 112 and 264, respectively μ G/mL. Baicalin inhibits Candida albicans by inhibiting the formation of its biofilm, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, and inducing Candida albicans death. Baicalin in combination with other antibacterial drugs shows better antibacterial efficacy. In vitro studies have shown that the combination of baicalin and ciprofloxacin can reverse the ciprofloxacin resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its effect is achieved by inhibiting the NorA efflux pump, pyruvate kinase activity, and bacterial SOS response, resulting in the loss of reactive oxygen species and ATP in the bacteria.
After oral administration, Chemical baicalin can quickly convert into baicalin in the body, exerting an inhibitory effect on the replication of the influenza A virus. Baicalin has a significant inhibitory effect on neuraminidase and ROS production in vitro, and in vivo, it can significantly reduce the mortality rate of mice infected with the influenza A virus and improve their lung parameters. Baicalin exerts its antiviral effect by inhibiting epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase activity and restoring VIP mRNA expression in extracellular trophoblast cells, blocking nuclear translocation of human cytomegalovirus.
2. Antitumor and anticancer chemical effects
Baicalin has significant anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines. Chemical Baicalin can arrest HCT-116 human colon cancer cells in the S phase, activate caspase3 and caspase9, and promote cell apoptosis. Research has found that baicalin can effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells, and its mechanism is related to the inhibition of the caveolin-1/AKT/mTOR pathway. Baicalin can not only dose-dependently inhibit the expression of MMP-2, but also strongly resist the invasion of ovarian cancer cells, which is consistent with baicalin's ability to reduce NF- κ The activity of B signaling molecules is related to the inhibition of p38MAPK activation. The key to avoiding tumor metastasis is to inhibit the detachment of tumor cells from the original tumor. Studies have shown that baicalein can inhibit the growth and migration of human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Its inhibitory mechanism is to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of breast epithelium while inhibiting NF- κ The B signal pathway is related.
Chemical Baicalein can inhibit EMT of breast epithelial cells and tumorigenic activity of breast cancer cells- κ The expression level of pathway B inhibits TGF-b1 mediated EMT, and then increases migration, which can reduce TGF-b1 mediated EMT in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). Baicalein has a therapeutic effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Baicalein treatment mainly mediates cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase within 12 hours, and after 12 hours, they mainly stagnate in the S phase. Using 200 μ After 24 hours of treatment with g/mL baicalin, 44.9% of MCF-7 cells entered the early stage of apoptosis.